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L’ICOMOS salue l’adoption de la nouvelle révision de la Charte internationale de l’ICOMOS pour le tourisme culturel patrimonial, qui a été approuvée lors de la dernière Assemblée générale en octobre 2022 à Bangkok (Thaïlande), après un travail intensif du Comité international de l’ICOMOS sur le tourisme culturel (ICTC).
La Charte internationale de l’ICOMOS pour le tourisme culturel a été approuvée par l’Assemblée générale de l’ICOMOS à Mexico en octobre 1999, pour remplacer la Charte du tourisme culturel de l’ICOMOS de 1976. La Charte a été rédigée par le Comité international sur le tourisme culturel de l’ICOMOS, qui a de nouveau travaillé activement à sa mise à jour afin de répondre aux normes, principes et bonnes pratiques actuelles concernant la relation entre le tourisme et les lieux ou collections d’importance patrimoniale.
Depuis sa dernière itération en 1999, un certain nombre de développements importants ont eu lieu, notamment avec la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel et la Déclaration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones, ainsi que l’introduction des Objectifs de développement durable et la désignation en 2017 par les Nations unies de l’Année internationale du tourisme durable pour le développement.
Le document aborde l’urgence climatique, la croissance exponentielle du tourisme et des visiteurs des sites culturels et ses impacts à plusieurs degrés au cours des vingt dernières années. Ces sujets sont traités dans la perspective d’approches du patrimoine culturel et de sa valorisation, fondées sur le respect des droits et centrées sur les personnes. La perspective du patrimoine commun et sa gouvernance participative encouragent une nouvelle vision du tourisme culturel patrimonial visant à éviter son exploitation commerciale pérenne et à encourager la distribution équitable et inclusive de ses effets positifs.
"Il est indispensable et faisable de recalibrer l'approche du tourisme fondée sur la croissance économique perpétuelle, en reconnaissant et en réduisant ses aspects non-durables".
Dans le cadre du schéma international de conservation établi par l’ICOMOS, la Charte aborde les relations fondamentales entre l’identité culturelle et le patrimoine culturel de la communauté d’accueil et les intérêts, les attentes et le comportement des visiteurs, tant nationaux qu’internationaux. Elle encourage l’engagement de la communauté d’accueil, y compris les gardiens autochtones et traditionnels, dans tous les aspects de la planification et de la gestion du tourisme, en particulier sur les sites du patrimoine, dans les paysages culturels et dans les villes historiques.